Revue d'Hyménoptérologie

Journal of Hymenopterology

ISSN 2727-3806

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ARTICLE

VOLUME 9

FRANÇAIS
FRENCH

Actualisation des connaissances sur l’abeille Megachile sculpturalis Smith, 1853 en France et en Europe (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae)

Violette Le Féon, David Genoud, Benoît Geslin

PDF

Citation
Le Féon, V., D. Genoud & B. Geslin (2021). Actualisation des connaissances sur l'abeille Megachile sculpturalis Smith, 1853 en France et en Europe. Osmia, 9: 25–36. https://doi.org/10.47446/OSMIA9.4
Received 20 June 2021 - Accepted 09 July 2021 - Published (online) 12 July 2021

Indexation • Archivage - Archiving

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.47446/OSMIA9.4
• Zoobank (ICZN): http://zoobank.org/F5F36611-44E4-4613-9848-5A71BD6B9FF6
• HAL (CNRS-INRAE): https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03285483
• Zenodo (CERN): https://zenodo.org/record/5093767

Résumé
Megachile sculpturalis est une abeille originaire de l’est de l’Asie aujourd’hui également présente en Amérique du Nord et en Europe. Cet article fait suite à la première synthèse sur l’écologie et la distribution géographique en Europe de cette espèce parue dans cette même revue en 2018 et propose une actualisation des connaissances. Megachile sculpturalis a été observée dans 13 pays européens. Son aire de répartition s’étend aujourd’hui des côtes atlantiques françaises à l’ouest à la péninsule de Crimée à l’est. Elle a par ailleurs été signalée dans deux îles méditerranéennes, l’île d’Elbe (Italie) et Majorque (Espagne). En France, entre 2008 et 2020, elle a été observée dans 259 communes réparties dans 44 départements. L’observation française la plus septentrionale a été réalisée en 2020 près de Reims dans la Marne. Concernant le comportement alimentaire, de nouvelles analyses polliniques viennent corroborer les résultats de précédentes études qui suggéraient un régime polylectique avec une préférence marquée pour les arbustes d’origine asiatique (Sophora japonica et Ligustrum sp. en particulier). Pour sa nidification, M. sculpturalis utilise massivement les hôtels à abeilles. Cependant, une gamme de diamètres (trous dans des bûches ou sections de tiges végétales) compris entre 4 et 8 mm permet d’héberger les principales espèces indigènes susceptibles de nidifier dans les hôtels, tout en limitant l’installation de M. sculpturalis. De nouvelles observations ont confirmé la tendance de M. sculpturalis à vider les nids d’autres espèces pour y installer ses propres cellules larvaires. Par ailleurs, en Suisse, une femelle a été observée tuant une abeille du genre Heriades. Ce type d’événements, s’ils s’avèrent fréquents, pourraient avoir des impacts négatifs sur les abeilles indigènes mais les données sont pour l’heure insuffisantes pour quantifier ces impacts sur les populations.

Mots-clefs
Espèce exotique, distribution géographique, impacts écologiques, nidification, régime alimentaire, sciences participatives

Title (translation)
Update of knowledge on the bee Megachile sculpturalis Smith, 1853 in France and Europe (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Abstract
Megachile sculpturalis is a bee native to eastern Asia that is now also present in North America and Europe. This article follows the first synthesis on the ecology and geographical distribution in Europe of this species published in this same journal in 2018 and updates the knowledge. Megachile sculpturalis has been observed in 13 European countries. Its range now extends from the French Atlantic coast in the west to the Crimean Peninsula in the east. It has also been recorded on two Mediterranean islands, Elba (Italy) and Mallorca (Spain). In France, between 2008 and 2020, it was observed in 259 communes in 44 departments. The most northerly French observation was made in 2020 near Reims in the Marne department. Concerning feeding behaviour, new pollen analyses corroborate the results of previous ones which suggested a polylectic diet with a marked preference for shrubs of Asian origin (especially Sophora japonica and Ligustrum sp.). Regarding nesting behaviour, M. sculpturalis makes extensive use of bee hotels. However, a range of diameters (holes in logs or sections of plant stems) between 4 and 8 mm is suitable for the main native species likely to nest in the hotels, while limiting the establishment of M. sculpturalis. New observations have confirmed the tendency of M. sculpturalis to empty the nests of other species in order to establish its own larval cells. In addition, in Switzerland, a female was observed killing a bee of the genus Heriades. Such events, if frequent, could have negative impacts on native bees, but data are currently insufficient to quantify these impacts on populations.

Keywords
Exotic species, geographical distribution, ecological impacts, nesting behaviour, diet, citizen science

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